to which the divisions of the marrying couple belong. For example: the Meghwal like Jata Bhambis, Bamnia Bhambis and Charania Bhambis in Rajasthan do not inter marry within other sub-castes. The division had an elaborate internal hierarchy, with wealthy and powerful landlords and tax-farmers at the top and small landholders, tenants and labourers at the bottom. <>/Metadata 3086 0 R/ViewerPreferences 3087 0 R>> Thus, all religions and communities have different surnames and the backgrounds can be similar or different as well. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). 2021, Vidyabharati International Interdisplinary Research Journal (Special Issue) . 1. For example, there were Khedawal Brahmans but not Khedawal Vanias, and Lad Vanias but no Lad Brahmans. The small endogamous units, on the other hand, did not practise either. ", The Meghwal are found in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. The Hindu and Muslim kingdoms in Gujarat during the medieval period had, of course, their capital towns, at first Patan and then Ahmedabad. Almost every village in this area included at least some Leva population, and in many villages they formed a large, if not the largest, proportion of the population. state stateid caste subcaste castecode kerala 01 ezhava varrer 01047 kerala 01 ezhava vathi 01048 kerala 01 ezhava 01049 kerala 01 ezhuthachan 01050 kerala 01 g.s.b. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. - BY Crissy Jane The Khadayatas were divided into about 30 ekdas. Hypergamy tended to be associated with this hierarchy. There was a continuous process of formation and disintegration of such units. In all there were thirty to forty such divisions. He stated: hereditary specialization together with hierarchical organization sinks into the background in East Africa (293). The name Desai thus means landlord.. Privacy Policy 8. 3rd Floor, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India). If the marriage took place within the Vania fold but outside the tad or ekda, as the case may be, the punishment varied according to the social distance between the tads or ekdas of the bride and the groom. They then spread to towns in the homeland and among all castes. The significant point, however, is that there were small endogamous units which were not, like ekdas and tads, part of any higher-order division. While we can find historical information about the formation of ekdas and tads there are only myths about the formation of the numerous second-order divisions. Most of the business class belongs to this community due to their business sense. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). The following two tabs change content below. Caste divisions of the first-order can be classified broadly into three categories. : 11-15, 57-75). [8], However, it is theorized that at the time of Muslim invasion of India, many people of high castes including Rajputs, Charans, Brahmins, and Jats joined or were recruited in the Bhambhi caste. As a consequence, the continuities of social institutions and the potentiality of endogenous elements for bringing about change are overlooked (for a discussion of some other difficulties with these paradigms, see Lynch 1977). Till the establishment of democratic polity in 1947, hardly any caste association in Gujarat had manifest political functions. Thus, while each second-order Koli division maintained its boundaries vis-a-vis other such divisions, each was linked with the Rajputs. As Ghurye pointed out long ago, slow consolidation of the smaller castes into larger ones would lead to three or four large groups being solidly organized for pushing the interests of each even at the cost of the others. Nor were ekdas and tads entirely an urban phenomenon. If the sea and ships thrill you, these names are for you. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. In all there were about eighty such divisions. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"JoC_BWsapbxkWt5DiwKm.yUVJ1sUs5Lnx3NXnOdJgrU-3600-0"}; Systematic study of small caste divisions in villages as well as in towns still awaits the attention of sociologists and anthropologists. Kangasia 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10/09/1993 32. The degree of contravention is less if the couple belong, let us say, to two different fourth-order divisions within a third-order division than if they belong to two different third-order divisions within a second-order division, and so on. Waghari, Dataniya Waghari, Veduwaghari, Talpada Waghari, Gamachiya Waghari,Godadia Waghari, Chibhadia Waghari, Mardada or Marwada Waghari ,Devipuiak, , , , , , , . For the sake of bravity and simplicity of presentation, I have not provided detailed documentation. Rawal (also spelled Raval) or Raol originally is a regional variation of the Hindi princely ruler title Raja/Radjah (literally "king" [1]) used in some princely states in Rajputana and Western India (notably Gujarat), and is now also used as a caste designation or surname by several communities in Southern Asia. Many of them claimed that they were Brahmans but this claim was not accepted by most established Brahmans. The Kanbis (now called Patidars) had five divisions: Leva, Kadya, Anjana, Bhakta, and Matia. The popularity and usage of Gujarati surnames have changed significantly over the period of years due to changes in social, linguistic, and cultural trends. The above brief analysis of change in caste in modern Gujarat has, I hope, indicated that an overall view of changes in caste in modern India should include a careful study of changes in rural as well as in urban areas in relation to their past. Get close to the ancestry and significance of some of the popular Spanish surnames. The surname Patlikh evolved into Patel to denote a village chief or the headman of a village. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. Similarly, in Saurashtra, the Talapadas were distinguished from the Chumvalias, immigrants from the Chumval tract in north Gujarat. Some of the other such divisions were Kathi, Dubla, Rabari, Bharwad, Mer (see Trivedi 1961), Vaghri, Machhi, Senwa, Vanzara, and Kharwa. Thakkar likely derived from the word Thakkura, a Middle Indo-Aryan or Sanskrit word, which means God or deity., Tripathi originates from tripa, a Sanskrit word referring to the one who has studied the three Vedas.. % Limitations of the holistic view of caste, based as it is mainly on the study of the village, should be realized in the light of urban experience. There were also a number of first-order divisions, mainly of artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, with small populations. MomJunction provides content for informational purposes only. In most parts of Gujarat it merged into the various second-order divisions of the Koli division and possible also into the widespread tribe of Bhils. 01051 kerala 01 ganak 01052 kerala 01 gounder kongu vellala 01053 kerala 01 gounder menon 01054 kerala 01 gounder padaiyachi 01055 Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! Although some of them set up shops in villages they rarely became full-fledged members of the village community. We hope you think that is sweet. Nose rings and earrings are often decorated with precious stones of ruby, sapphire and emerald. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. The same problems would arise in the reverse direction if, as many scholars have done, the term caste cluster, caste complex or caste category is used for divisions of a higher order and the term caste or jati is used for divisions of a lower order. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 6. There was considerable elaboration in urban areas of what Ghurye long ago called the community aspect of caste (1932: 179) and frequently, this led to juxtaposition rather than hierarchy between caste divisions of the same order. Chaudhari or Hindu Aniana, Desai, Aanjana Kanbi, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patidar (whre the are not S.T. If you have any doubts or questions related to Gujarat Caste List in your mind. Get regular updates, great recommendations and other right stuff at the right time. I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. So far we have considered first-order divisions with large and widely spread populations. Pocock goes on to observe that diminution of emphasis upon hierarchy and increasing emphasis upon difference are features of caste in modern, particularly urban, India: there is a shift from the caste system to individual castes and this reflects the change that is taking place in India today (290). The two categories of castes have been deeply conscious of these differences between them and have been talking freely about them. The name, Talapada, meaning "mdigenous", commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning "foreign", who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias . Moreover, the king himself belonged to some caste (not just to the Kshatriya Varna) and frequently a number of kings belonged to the same caste (e.g., Rajput). Some ekdas did come into existence in almost the same way as did the tads, that is to say, by a process of fission of one ekda into two or more ekdas. The main reason was that Anavils did not practise priesthood as a traditional occupation, nor were they involved in traditional Sanskrit learning. At the end of this article, you are also able to Download Gujarat Caste List PDF File in your mobile phone. endobj The Anavil, numbering 30,000 to 40,000 in 1931, were found mainly in south Gujarat. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. Let me illustrate briefly. We shall return to the Rajput-Koli relationship when we consider the Kolis in detail. Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. Although my knowledge is fragmentary, I thought it was worthwhile to put together the bits and pieces for the region as a whole. The larger castes and even larger subdivisions among them used to have their houses segregated on their own streets (called pol, sheri, khadki, vad, khancho). The surname originates from dvivedi, a Sanskrit word referring to one who has studied and mastered two Vedas. Madhurima takes a keen interest in parenting and lifestyle. Castes having continuous internal hierarchy and lacking effective small endogamous units, such as Rajputs, Leva Kanbis, Anavils and Khedawals, do not have active associations for lower-order divisions. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. At one end there were castes in which the principle of hierarchy had free play and the role of the principle of division was limited. I have done field work in two contiguous parts of Gujarat: central Gujarat (Kheda district and parts of Ahmedabad and Baroda districts) and eastern Gujarat (Panchmahals district). James Campbell (1901: xii), the compiler of gazetteers for the former Bombay presidency comprising several linguistic regions, wrote about Gujarat: In no part of India are the subdivisions so minute, one of them, the Rayakval Vanias, numbering only 47 persons in 1891. There would be a wide measure of agreement with him on both these counts. There are 350+ Castes living right now in Gujarat State, The Government has divided all castes in 5 to 6 Category which is General, SEBC, OBC, SC, ST, NT & DT. You can check out this list below. 2. Gujarat (along with Bombay) has perhaps the largest number of caste associations and they are also more active and wealthy compared to those in other regions. The census operations, in particular, spread as they were over large areas, gave a great impetus to writings on what Srinivas has called the horizontal dimension of caste (1952: 31f;1966: 9,44,92,98-100,114-17). Origin, State of Origin, Mother tongue, Religion of surname 'Bhakta'. I hope to show in this paper how the principle of division is also a primary principle competing with the principle of hierarchy and having important implications for Indian society and culture. Her experience in impactful writing combined with her background in Home Sciences makes Aparna the perfect candidate for content writing in the pregnancy and parenting niche. To have a meaningful understanding of the system of caste divisions, there is no alternative but to understand the significance of each order of division and particularly the nature of their boundaries and maintenance mechanisms. Beingtheparent.com is the best thing that has happened to me as a mother. Further, the castes there are unable to take cognizance of each other in terms of hierarchy or of occupation, and it is in this situation that they can be said to exist by virtue of their differences (296) it is the systematic recognition of difference which is most apparent. I hope to show that the integration of the study of caste in urban areas with that of rural areas is essential to a comprehensive understanding of caste and its implications for Indian society and culture. Doshi is a common Gujarati surname, which means a cloth-selling hawker. The surname likely would have been an occupational one. It was originally an occupational name for someone who produces or sells alcohol. [25], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Kma of Rajasthan Priests of a Forgotten Tradition", "The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary", "Ancient Lac Dyeing Practices of Kachchh and its revival by the Vankar Shyamji Valiji of Bujodi", "Innovations, Entrepreneurship and Development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghwal&oldid=1152243292, This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 01:42. Opulent last names that exhibit royalty, class, and style. Breastfeeding Classes During Pregnancy Top Benefits and Importance, Cycling During Pregnancy Benefits, Risks, and Precautions, 6 Different Types of Delivery Methods You Must Know. It is quite a common Gujarati surname, and indicates that the person is a believer of Jainism. Prohibited Content 3. Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. There is striking popularity in the dress of men, but the Maru Bhambi women generally wear Ghagra or petticoat of country chintz, while the Jata Bhambis dress themselves like the Jat women and are distinguished from the use of lac churas instead of ivory ones. [2], The Meghwal community is known by various names, depending on location. I shall first provide an analysis of caste in the past roughly during the middle of the 19th century, and then deal with changes in the modern times. They were given to the bride as a "bride wealth" dowry by her soon-to-be husband's mother. Secondly, it is necessary to study intensively the pattern of inter-caste relations in urban centres as something differentat least hypotheticallyfrom the pattern in villages. Similar surnames: Bhagat, Bansal, Bhakta, Shankar, Bhandari, Hansard, Basa, Khalsa. Census officials-turned-scholars, from Risley to Hutton, wrote many of the earlier general works on caste. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of the lower orders within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. x[? -E$nvU 4V6_}\]}/yOu__}ww7oz[_z~?=|nNT=|qq{\//]/Ft>_tV}gjjn#TfOus_?~>/GbKc.>^\eu{[GE_>'x?M5i16|B;=}-)$G&w5uvb~o:3r3v GL3or}|Y~?3s_hO?qWWpn|1>9WS3^:wTU3bN{tz;T_}so/R95iLc_6Oo_'W7y; A great deal of discussion of the role of the king in the caste system, based mainly on Indological literature, does not take these facts into account and therefore tends to be unrealistic. Exotic hand-embroidered items form part of dowry of Meghwal woman. This list may not reflect recent changes. In the meanwhile, it is important to note that there does not seem to have been any attempt to form small endogamous units (ekdas, gols) at any level among the Rajputs unlike attempts made as we shall see, among some other hypergamous castes in Gujarat. The Rajput hierarchy had many levels below the level of the royal families of the large and powerful kingdoms: lineages of owners of large and small fiefs variously called jagir, giras, thakarat,thikana, taluka, and wanted-, lineages of substantial landowners under various land tenures having special rights and privileges; and lineages of small landowners.

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