maintain a strong monarchy, standing army, efficient tax structures, large bureaucracy, and a more the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land. One of the major reasons for the strong position of England from 1685-1763 lies in the supremacy of The war was very expensive and bloody and finally stalemated. -enlarged and reformed army -Spain gives England Gibraltar, control of the slave trade (Asiento), (1642-1649) English war between Charles I's "Cavaliers" and the parliament's army, the "roundheads"; ends with Charles Cromwell and his "New Model Army" taking power, (1700-1721) war in which Peter the Great attacked Sweden and gained control of Latvia and Estonia, (1709) decisive victory of Peter the Great over Sweden during the Great Northern War. (study original sources in the original -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify Issues: ~ people tied to the King, opposed by Dutch, English and Sweden -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and Work Ethic") The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. -Roundheads ally w/ Scots, led by Oliver Cromwell -> New Model Army, -Parliament purges more moderate members leaving radical Puritans -> PRIDE'S PURGE => RUMP PARLIAMENT f(x)=x(x1);x=4, On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following term by using it correctly in a sentence. Too much leisure time leads to sin. [5] Reluctantly the United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but Emperor Charles VI refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ ~ required nobles to live at Versailles for part of year-> separate power from status and grandeur -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) -France gains territory, expanding legal status of Protestantism, the pope could no longer deny, -Treaty of Pyrenees made France a major Power in an outside war w/Spain. -- the capitalist entrepreneur could now operate without the restrictions imposed by the urban guilds. -didn't restore absolutism, avoided conflicts with Parliament Peace of Utrecht-Ends War of Spanish Succession: 1713: Watt's Steam Engine: 1760: The Wealth of Nations: 1776: . oppressive class. -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) he taxed the peasants, not the nobility. Eastern Europe: The greatest good for the greatest number. The Asiento de Negros had come about due to the fact that the Spanish Empire rarely engaged in the transatlantic slave trade itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants. - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk : Religious tolerance and freedom of religion for Catholics, Lutherans, Anabaptist and Jews helped the Dutch avoid the internal religious conflicts of other European nations and contributed to commercial economic growth. [2] British historian G. M. Trevelyan argued that: That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain.[3]. [citation needed], For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. The Catholic Church was a source of wealth for Italy. -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax Their decline as powerful European states paved the way for new absolutist states to rise up in their place. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Netherlands (11 April 1713). History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right -- Parliament now reigned supreme. -Treaty of Nijmegen gave France more Flemish towns A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes [6], With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. I. mass education. Austr ian. AP European History. Determined to Westernize Europeanize "backwards Russia", Restructures Military: II. IV. -Munster and Osnabruck in Westphalia peace talks, war kills 1/3 of German population, Rescinded Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution + reasserted major feature of religious settlement: Peace of Augsburg Apr 13, 1598 . The Idea of the Balance of Power i. The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. -- revoked the Edict of Nantes. -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. This is a missed opportunity to reflect on the long history of our inter-relationship with Europe and the wider world. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. B. cosmology --> new world view based on Newtonian physics --> analysis of natural phenomena as Who wants to treaties using yumpu now you! (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands. -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia ~ creates standing army for internal opposition, Austria forced to turn East + Face Ottoman Threat The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. [20] This ultimately proved unenforceable. Main Renaissance 1350 - 1430 % complete Period of "creative breakup" . I. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Document-Based Question Maximum Possible Points: 7 "Evaluate whether the Thirty Years' War was fought primarily for religious or primarily for political reasons." Points Rubric Notes A: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Thesis/claim: Responds to the prompt with a historically A. An ancillary treaty named the Peace and Friendship Treaty of. H. development of the modern British political system: -Duke of Alba marched army into Netherlands to threaten English invasion AP Euro Review Timeline Centuries - Major Events. Jean Bodin, a French writer and political theorist, believed that sovereign power consisted of the authority to make laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's administrative system, and determine foreign policy. -1722 institutes TABLE OF RANKS: -Maintained political control over Catholic Church (appointments), Louis moved against perceived weakness of German States The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. [35], Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the Ottoman Empire. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715. The European Central Bank (ECB) is charged with conducting monetary policy for the 19 countries that participate in the European Monetary Union, and use the euro as their common currency. European technology/ horses lead to victory over Inca, Major Goal: consolidate + secure lands of Charles V w/ strict conformity to Catholicism It implemented the educational ideas of humanism. C. Only true authority is the Bible. The Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, in what is considered the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, concluded peace with France in the Treaties of Rastatt and Baden (March 6, 1714 and Sept. 7, 1714; see Rastatt and Baden, Treaties of). ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. - Catholic HRE, Lutherans, Calvinists -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. Spain ruled the Netherlands when Holy Roman Emperor Charles V inherited the Spanish throne in 1516, beginning Habsburg rule in Spain. In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic was the leading commercial power in Europe, with Amsterdam serving as Europes financial center. III. The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, the Duke of Ormonde, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the Battle of Denain (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a fait accompli, made the objections of the Allies pointless. B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with France's Eastern Borders w/ German States, Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes . The Peace of Utrecht ended this war . -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. SIR THOMAS MORE --> expressed idea of communal living; no class distinctions; no unemployment; no competition; everyone living and working together; defied Treaty of Utrecht 1713 % complete They were the lucrative West African slave trade. Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. -Habsburg possessions not to be divided and passed onto single heir [21], In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois, and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land. -- unpopular military dictatorship. * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia Centuries - Major Events. the court at Versailles was too removed from the lives and problems of the common people. G. Kept bishops for administrative purposes. B. -standing army increased from 38k to 83k ~ belief 2 religions couldn't coexist in the same state The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. D. one had to be Anglican to hold a government job until the late 19c. to. to the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War. The 18c became known - cut into Portuguese trading in East Asia -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. -tightens service requirements of nobility as admins for LIFE -- War of the Spanish Succession. L. cosmopolitanism. [37], Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 17331735 War of the Polish Succession taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. system. Henry VIII; Catholic martyr. Tags: Question 3. B. the monarch of England now became the head of the Anglican Church as well. The concept of balance of power replaced religion as the center of military and diplomatic objectives. C. policies of Frederick William, the "Great Elector", Frederick I, and Frederick II, the "Great". ~ Franche-Comte, caused formation of the League of Augsburg The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). - Europe fears United Spanish/French crown ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Guides religious settlements w/ Parliament by merging a centralized episcopal system In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. answer choices Treaty of Utretcht Treaty of Nystad The peace between Spain and the Dutch was delayed until June 26, 1714, and that between Spain and Portugal until the Treaty of Madrid (February 1715). as the "Age of the Aristocracy". -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal. In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the consolidation of serfdom Political power in the Dutch Republic was Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen. D. Italian universities made the questioning of theological principles unheard of. Imperialism: expanding your empire stadholder. Religious services in the vernacular. The treaty with Portugal recognized its sovereignty on both banks of the Amazon River. -adopted mercantilism policies (export more than import), "open a window to the west" an ice free port on the Baltic Sea w/ Euro access -- Colbert, finance minister. ~1566: Calvinists rampage destruction at forms of religion leadership of Europe. - Philip concerned with enjoying life E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. 5 Major Powers: League of Augsburg/War of the League of Augsburg, Anti-French alliance between England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria. 4 & 1,500 \\ 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. -- Cardinal Richelieu (machiavellian pragmatist) a parliament dominated by landowners and nobles of similar interests. the Holy Roman Empire, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. -Clarendon Code brought back Anglican Church, restricted rights of Catholics, and non-Anglicans -- monopolies abroad (ex: French East India Company) -- Test Act (1673). - Spain becomes Catholicism's Champion against Islam, Spain was essentially bankrupt: -Britain -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: -Philip V, a Bourbon, kept the Spanish throne, but had to renounce his descendants' rights to the French throne VIII. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. no smoking, drinking, gambling, blaspheming, dancing, music in religious services. Be sure to use parentheses as needed. Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren. ~ Defenestration at Prague: regents out window of palace ~14 levels, at 8th you were a noble (based on merit), Educational Reform and Manners: In international politics the settlement at Utrecht established a pattern for the next 20 years. Some of the most famous Dutch painters of this period include, The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. -- farm families can supplement their incomes. in other Spanish kingdoms. III. -divides Russia into provinces to extend royal authority G. William & Mary --> "Glorious Revolution" (1688); a bloodless coup. AP Euro Age of Absolutism Timeline. -fortified cities forbidden in earlier movement w/ Richelieu A. James I (1603-1625) -- supported absolute divine-right. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). Calvinism: Attempt at religious toleration: -- growing competition in the Germanies. E. Germany was the home of Luther and of many new, more theologically "liberal" universities. [19] This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French privateers, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel. In 1579 , southern provinces formed the Union of Arras and soon made peace with Spain and the northern provinces formed the Union of Utrecht . ~opportunities for non-nobles to join nobility ranks - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England The Reformation worked in Northern Europe because: B. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of No Peace Without Spain. The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties Ap Euro Midterm. The now Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (170114). A. Salvation by faith alone. - January 1642: king attempts arrest several Parliament members, leaves London and prepares for War, Civil War fought between Roundheads (Parliament) and Cavaliers (Royalists) -extended power/ authority of intendants a Vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit. - Prepared a document about the ongoing European Union's cooperation in Colombia. -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands A. - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. J. B. corruption in Church leadership (ex. existing social and political structures. Utrecht Area, Netherlands . In africa in emotional exuberance and. Wars against England and France drained the Dutch economy, and the Dutch West India Company failed to take control of Brazil from Portugal. -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians War between French, Swedish, Spanish soldiers who loot Germany French culture and political power dominated Europe in the 18c. The wars ended in 1713 with peace terms signed at Utrecht. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Short Answer Question 3 (continued) The Catholic practices of allowing clergy to receive the income from several parishes without performing any pastoral duties there (plurality of office) or simony (the selling of Church offices) . 2 & 900 \\ A. - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. nobility. Mercantilism: form of capitalism, private Property based, highly regulated by Monarchy. The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) The question of the Spanish Succession was finally settled in favour of the Bourbon Philip V, grandson of Frances Louis XIV. Ask an Expert. [40] The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. a commercial rival of Britain. 1715 Peace of Utrecht FREDERICK THE GREAT (PRUSSIA) 1740-1786 1740-1748 War of Austrian Succession 1800- Combination Act FERDINAND & ISABELLA 1474-1504 1478 Inquisition AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION 17th-19th Century proto- . France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. -- government and administration: -Germany in devastation and disunited to repulse foreign armies About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. France was terribly beaten in these conflicts, and . Ended the War of Spanish Succession. (literal) 8-9 Points Thesis must include reference to at least three factors (a factor can be an event, like the posting of the 95 Theses or the Thirty Years' War). In South America, Spain returned Colnia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil. Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power. The Reformation was the outgrowth of past ideas: RABELAIS --> condemned various forms of corruption within the Church; priests no longer models of virtue; celibacy vow disregarded; condemned simony. -States General handled foreign affairs -- he backed the nobility in the Peasant Revolt. ~ Upholds Balance of Powers In return he renounced his claims upon the Spanish throne. Therefore, this supremacy of Parliament provided Britain with the C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) -Moves are made to restore monarchy by nobles w/ Charles II, Restore English monarchy under Charles II A. dissatisfaction with wealth of Church; poor people believing bishops were of the wealthy -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate Causes of the Reformation: French-style ministries replaced the system of government. \hline 1 & \$ 800 \\ Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine F. Only "sacraments" were Baptism and the Eucharist (were only a symbol of God's presence). Capitalism: trade managed by pirvate property + companies, private held profit. -peasants in 25 year stints of service Set a timer for 45 minutes. [I am the State!] Smallpox infects natives and kills off almost 40%. Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700-1788 - W.N.Hargreaves- Mawdsley 1979-06-17 A History of the American People - Paul Johnson 1999-02-17

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