The marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte to his first wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, is well known not least because it ended as a result of the latter's inveterate adultery and profligacy. In the ensuing confusion, Tom and Joan escape and Tom returns to his hotel room, where he finds DeForrest hiding in the closet. WebNapoleon Whiting was an actor who made a successful career for himself in film. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/how-napoleons-death-in-exile-became-a-controversial-mystery. Find out more. By March 1814, Marie-Louise stood alone as regent of France, forced to decide whether she should confront her father and his allies who were poised to march on Paris or flee to Loire Valley, Centre-Val de Loire, as urged by her husbands cowardly ministers. On 20 March 1811, Marie-Louise produced the king of Rome, the male heir whom all parties had expected of her. This timeline follows on from our Divorce timeline and forms part of our close-up on: the marriage of Napoleon I and Marie-Louise of Austria. They keep tryin' to change it. There, he meets DeForrest, the company's general manager, and discovers Joan in DeForrest's office. Napoleon Whiting Age, Height, Weight, Husband, Net Worth & Bio. Marie Antoinette was born an Austrian princess. It was also widely used in rodenticides, insecticides, clothing dyes and even candy wrappers. Moreover, French aristocrats, including Napoleon, wore arsenic-based face and hair powder. Hamilton Smith of Glasgow and Anders Wassen of Sweden, made international headlines with an article they published in Nature magazine. Britain inflicted a naval defeat on the French at Trafalgar (1805) so Napoleon abandoned plans to invade England and turned on the Austro-Russian forces, defeating them at Austerlitz later the same year. The tapestry was given a prominent place in. [It has been] observed that Princess Anne [is] not yet mature [she would have been fifteen at the time]; occasionally it takes a couple of years for some girls to attain maturity having reached the marriageable age and the idea of waiting three years with no hope of conceiving a child goes against the intentions of the Emperor. [Letter from Napoleon to Champagny dated 6 February, 1810, Correspondance de Napolon Ier, Second Empire edition, n 16,210], That same day, Napoleon wrote again to Champagny, seemingly decided against the Russian: Tomorrow evening [] you will dispatch a letter to inform [the Russians] that I am decided in favour of the Austrian. [Letter from Napoleon to Champagny dated 6 February, 1810, Correspondance de Napolon Ier, Second Empire edition, n 16,211]. Champagny confirmed his choice for Marie-Louise, an opinion that was shared by Berthier. She had received a thorough education, played the piano, guitar, and harp, and understood the importance of management of diplomatic relations. Image via Photo12/ UIG/ Getty Images. Napoleon Whiting (September 21, 1910, Mississippi October 22, 1984, Los Angeles, California), was an American character actor. Napoleon went into exile on the Mediterranean island of Elba. WebThe Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. Left: Later that night, Duke and Tom watch as Vantine, Doreen and the other hijackers board the boat. Thank you. However, WebNapoleon Whiting was born on September 21, 1910 in Canton, Mississippi, USA. Ever since her birth in December 1791, France had been making life miserable for Austria. Champagny observed that Maria Auguste was no longer in the first blooms of youth (she would have been nearly 28 at the time) and that an alliance with Russia would involve numerous complications that might damage French traditions and customs: complications including prominently the demand that each palace have a Russian orthodox chapel and the open and free practice of Russian orthodoxy. While Napoleon rejoiced, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and England planned his demise. A news item in Hollywood Reporter notes that parts of this film were shot on location in San Francisco, CA. Champagny read a report informing those assembled that the Emperor had drawn up a list of three potential princesses: Maria Auguste, Princess of Saxony; the Grand Duchess, Anna Pavlovna, the youngest sister of Alexander I; and Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 August 1769 in Corsica into a gentry family. BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The issue was, however, to prove even more complicated. Eugene next had his say, opting for the archduchess. He was stranded when his fleet was destroyed by the British at the Battle of the Nile. Napoleon Whiting age is around 110,as Napoleon Whiting was born on the 21th of Sep, 1910 in NA. Celebrity How Calculates Napoleon Whiting Popularity Based on Wiki page views and also our internal Page view count. She also renounced all claims to the Austrian crowns kingdoms, provinces and territories, as well as 200,000 Florins worth of rings and jewels given to her by the Austrian Emperor. He played many bitparts, often uncredited, as a menial worker such as the AfricanAmerican butler, a stereotypical role. WebWhile Jarrod, a skilled lawyer, preferred the law to settle disputes, he was known to resort to frontier justice and violence when necessary. Yes Leonard Whiting is very much alive. WebDespite backbiting (notably by Talleyrand who argued that this marriage was just to satisfy [Napoleons] vanity), it nevertheless produced the one key thing: a son. How a mysterious ailment ended Eleanor Roosevelts life, How mental health struggles wrote Ernest Hemingways final chapter, Why Shakespeares own finale remains a closed book, severed piece of Napoleon Bonapartes body, a compound containing mercury that was used as a medicine, an article they published in Nature magazine. 13 March, 1810: Marie-Louise left Vienna for France. Russia, through her geographical position, seems suited to an alliance with France. Richard Long. Concerning matters of State, I do not, however, think it favourable to the archduchess. He is the director of the Center for the History of Medicine and the George E. Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan and the author ofThe Secret of Life: Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick and the Discovery of DNAs Double Helix (W.W. Norton, September 21). Well aware that her days were numbered as a foreign sovereign, Marie-Louise fought to hold on to her ducal seat. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A few days later, Marie-Louise set out for Paris, following in the footsteps taken by Queen Marie-Antoinette 40 years earlier. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. 11 March, 1810, 5.30pm: Marie-Louise married Napoleon by proxy in Vienna, with Archduke Charles standing in for Napoleon. Whiting began his career with roles in "The Big Clock" (1948), "Giant" (1956) and the dramatic adaptation "Imitation of Life" (1959) with Lana Turner. That's it. When Whiting was 17 his mother left home and remarried. When after a few years of marriage it became clear that Josephine could not have a child, Napoleon began to think seriously about the possibility of divorce even though he still loved his wife. Despite her anger, Josephine agreed to the divorce so the Emperor could remarry in the hope of having an heir. Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 resulted in a disastrous retreat. All Rights Reserved. We have created a browser extension. WebThey just must not like your face. January 10, 2022. Napoleon I, emperor of France, in exile. In 1810, the 18-year-old Habsburg Archduchess Marie-Louise left Vienna to marry Napoleon, emperor of France. Most infamously, in 1961, a Swedish dentist named Sten Forshufvud, working with Drs. 2023 Turner Classic Movies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, Holland and Westphalia created, and over the next five years, Napoleon's relatives and loyalists were installed as leaders (in Holland, Westphalia, Italy, Naples, Spain and Sweden). There, Marie-Louise was met by Caroline, Queen of Naples and the Marchal Lannes widow, the Duchess of Montebello. Until meeting Required fields are marked *. He is released on $10,000 bail, which is posted by Doreen Temple, who promises to disclose the motive behind her generosity that night at dinner. From the docks, Tom proceeds to the Marshall house, hoping that Joan will lead him to Duke. Montalivet (the Interior Minister) was the final member involved (although Talleyrand includes Comte Mollien amongst those consulted, Mmoires du Prince de Talleyrand, 2007, p. 341). . In their search of the room, Goldy knocks over a lamp and the noise draws Loomis to the room. By Glenn Erickson. Napoleon Whiting was born on 21 September 1910 in Canton, Mississippi, USA. II, Paris, Perrin, 1999, pp. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. The marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte to his first wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, is well known not least because it ended as a result of the latter's Napoleon Whiting (September 21, 1910, Mississippi October 22, 1984, LosAngeles,California),[1] was an American characteractor.[2]. [Mmoires indits : claircissements publis par Cambaceres sur les principaux vnements de sa vie politique, vol. I must admit that this delay has given me much cause for worry. Forshufvud and his colleagues initially reported that It was impossible to tell from the sample results alone whether the arsenic was evenly distributed (as expected in continuous exposure) or located in one point (as would be the case in a single large exposure). A second paper by the same team analyzed a different hair sample supposedly pulled from Napoleons head. However, Napoleon didnt get remarried because Josephine had died. In March 1815 he escaped and marched on the French capital. In 1810, the 18-year-old Habsburg Archduchess Marie-Louise left Vienna to marry Napoleon, emperor of France. WebBorn in America, she married Randolph Churchill, an English politician of first-rate political talent, and she was the mother of Sir Winston S. Churchill, a parliamentarian who proved to be a greater public figure than his father. I shall weigh them up in my chambers. Napoleon Bonaparte was known for implementing I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. [Letter from Metternich to his wife dated 27 January, 1810, in Mmoires, documents et crits divers laisss par le Prince de Metternich, vol. However, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Many medicos have offered up a slew of diagnoses that have literally filled books and journals over the past century. After all, she was an older widow who had been the mistress of multiple individuals before becoming Napoleons mistress. Richard Long played the eldest son of the Barkley family, Jarrod Barkley. Find out more. Towards the end of January, the French court was informed that Napoleon would not be refused if he were to ask for the Austrian emperors eldest daughters hand in marriage. Interested in joining a awesome and friendly dedicated to Napoleon Bonaparte. It would appear that Napoleon Whiting is a single person; nevertheless, he is actually married despite his public persona. Please check your inbox to confirm. He was 45. There could have been no more desirable marriage candidate for Josephines replacement than Marie-Louise. The French emperor's marriage to his first wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, had ended just a few months previously and Napoleon intended to cement his empire by begetting a male heir. He gained much new territory, including annexation of Prussian lands which ostensibly gave him control of Europe. The only Western directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, There Was a Crooked Man feels more like a prison movie but certainly has enough of the appropriate elements to work for this month and this week as well, as a comedy with He then negotiated a general European peace which established French power on the continent. Her dower came to a total of 500,000 Francs. She begged her father not to tempt defeat by Napoleon again. After grabbing the photo, Tom and Goldy climb out the window and return to their hotel room, where an armed Vantine knocks on the door and demands the picture. By using this site, you agree to our updated. The onscreen credits misspell actress Fay Helm's name as "Faye" Helm. January 5, 2020 vj1wm Actor, age-110, birthdate-21, birthMonth-9, birthyear-1910, NA, television The patriots would not give up, and chased her out of Parma. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. DeForrest explains that Joan is the owner of the company and that Abel is the first mate aboard the S. S. Citadel . As such, Napoleons family was less than enthused by the marriage, particularly since his mother and his sisters felt unsophisticated in comparison. Deborah Jay is the author of Napoleons Other Wife: The story of Marie-Louise, Duchess of Parma, the lesser-known wife of Napoleon Bonaparte (Rosas Press, 2015), This article was first published on HistoryExtra in November 2015, Enjoying HistoryExtra.com? Napoleon was only 51 when he died on the island of St. Helena, where he was out of power and exiled from his beloved France. Writer Robert E. Kent's tangled scenario begins with a murder in the club car of a train, and soon moves to smuggling intrigues on the docks. Reared since birth to be the most eligible bride in Europe, Marie-Louise had been kept largely cloistered in Habsburg palaces. Napoleons other wife: who was Habsburg Archduchess Marie-Louise? . Few could have been less favourably disposed towards the match than Marie-Louise. Equally catastrophic to Napoleons reign was the shattering of the Austrian-French alliance. In 1810, he had his childless marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais annulled and married the daughter of the Austrian emperor in the hope of having an heir. The British imprisoned him on the remote Atlantic island of St Helena, where he died on 5 May 1821. In 1816, she set out for Parma, forced to leave her son in Vienna as hostage for Napoleons good behaviour on St Helena. In my spare time, I made a visit to the Tomb of Napoleon, at the Dme des Invalides and under the shadow of the Eiffel Tower. Those present included (in the order they spoke) Napoleon; Lebrun (Prince Arch-treasurer); Eugne; Talleyrand; Comte Garnier, Senate president; Comte de Fontanes, president of the Corps lgislatif; Duc de Bassano; the Duc de Cadore (Champagny, Minister of Foreign Relations); the Prince de Neufchatel (Berthier); the King of Naples (Murat); and Cambacrs. When relaxed and in familiar company, she was witty and playful. That night, Tom and Goldy sneak aboard the ship and discover raw silk hidden among the bales of hemp cargo. Tom invites Joan to lunch, and as they leave the office, the receptionist presents Tom with Abel's address. Unfortunately, their relationship couldnt survive its childlessness. The latter owed his royal status to the French Emperor and in that year he travelled to Paris to visit his benefactor. Her dower came to a total of 500,000 Francs. 11 March, 1810, 5.30pm: Marie-Louise married Napoleon by proxy in Vienna, with Archduke Charles standing in for Napoleon. 13 March, 1810: Marie-Louise left Vienna for France. 16 March, 1810: the Austrian delegation arrived at the border between Austria and Bavaria, at Braunau-sur-Inn. But by the end of 1813, they would realise the wisdom of Metternichs strategy. Rev. However, as it should not be considered from a mothers perspective, but as a matter of State of the highest importance, it should be discussed and judged as such. With regards to Marie-Louise, Austria would request nothing more than what was agreed for the marriage of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. He has been married for a significant Your email address will not be published. Her enlightened permissive government, which assured her subjects a fair trial and placed women and childrens rights far ahead of their time, earned her the loyalty of her subjects and their complicity in her secrets. Whilst negotiations advanced little, Napoleon began to despair of any such union and the Austrian option was suggested. Your email address will not be published. Dr. Howard Markel The religious On January 10 of 1810, he and Josephine divorced; on March 11 of 1810, he married Marie-Louise of Austria by proxy.. Napoleon Whiting also appeared as the butler in the movie Giant. Average Age & Life Expectancy Napoleon Whiting lived 3 years longer than the average Whiting family member when he died at the age of 74. He was an actor, known for Giant (1956), Farewell, My Lovely (1975) and Every Vantine, who has also been lured into the trap, arrives and begins to fight with Doreen's thugs. I thought my Napoleonic encounters had come to an end until I found myself in Paris recently. After Tom disarms him, Vantine tells the detective that Doreen was the paramour of the bootlegging racketeer, Duke Monette, who taught her his trade. Within six months, Napoleon and Russias snows had reduced la Grande Arme from almost a million men to barely 120,000. 23 February, 1810: Napoleon wrote to Francis I, Emperor of Austria: Monsieur mon Frre, I have dispatched my cousin the vice-conntable, Prince de Neuchtel [Berthier], to ask Your Imperial Majesty for the Archduchess Marie-Louise, your daughter, in marriage. Generally speaking, it is agreed that Napoleon loved Josephine. The tide started to turn in favour of the allies and in March 1814, Paris fell. Goldie's comic obsession this time is with the idea of getting married, because he's heard of the additional income tax deduction. WebNapoleon Whiting Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018. On 11 March 1810, Marie-Louise was married by proxy, Napoleon having appointed her uncle and his formidable Austrian opponent, Archduke Charles, to stand in for him at the altar of the Augustinian Church adjacent to Viennas Hofburg Palace the principal Habsburg family seat. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics Napoleon, who had remained silent during the deliberations of each of his ministers and advisers, thus announced: I thank you, gentlemen, for the thoughts that you have expressed to me. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. The Austrian bayonets restored her, but thereafter her life was precarious. https://networthpost.org/net-worth/napoleon-whiting-net-worth A union with Russia was hindered by court opposition (particularly from Alexanders mother, Maria Feodorovna), political indecision from Alexander and the young age of the one remaining Russian princess, Anna Pavlovna. Although he had previously This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The Battle of Waterloo ended his brief second reign. 13 March, 1810: Marie-Louise left Vienna for France. The abolition of monarchy and the guillotine in 1793 of the French king and queen, Marie-Louises great-aunt and uncle, placed the French administration beyond redemption. When Tom warns Duke that Doreen plans to hijack the Citadel 's cargo that night, Duke asks for the detective's help. No, the butler can't be the murderer because he's killed in reel 2. Instead, the two had a divorce on January 10 of 1810, which cleared the way for Napoleons second marriage to a Habsburg-Lorraine princess. Although Maria Feodorovna was anti-Napoleon in principle, she was aware of the advantages that could be gained from having Napoleon as an ally in a France-dominated Europe, the potential dangers of having Austria allied with France, and the effect that such a decision could have on public opinion back home in Russia. Humiliation was compounded by tragedy, the death of her son by Napoleon sparking controversy. Rickey then dumps Tom on a street far from the apartment. One critic noted that The Falcon ended the previous film handcuffed to a blonde, and wanted to know how that was resolved. 20 March, 1810: Napoleon left Paris for Compigne. Suzanne Baptiste was also enslaved at Breda and probably was the daughter of his godfather. In December 1809, Napoleon dispensed with his first wife, having had enough of Josephine's inveterate adultery and profligacy. But who did he marry next? The marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte to his first wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, is well known not least because it ended as a result of the latter's inveterate adultery and profligacy. 10 May, 1810: Alexandre-Florian-Joseph, Comte Colonna Walewski, was born to Napoleons mistress, Marie Lontchinska, a Polish countess. You can unsubscribe at any time. After being written out for several movies The Falcon's sidekick Goldie returns, played by the amusing Edward Brophy. Napoleon was the author of several revolutionary accomplishments and a near-godlike reputation while in power, yet history also agrees he was a tyrannical despot and warmonger. 24 February, 1810: Berthier left for Paris for Vienna. Though personifying modesty and virtue, she was in awe of no one which would be a great tonic to the emperor Napoleon I, a man over whom the world fawned. Her courage and heroism would not help her. 2 April, 1810: the religious ceremony was held in the chapel at the Louvre in Paris. By 1809, Napoleon had defeated Austria across her empire, reduced it to a quarter of the size that it had been in 1792, and occupied Vienna for a second time. " March to the West -- film #23 of 31 -- Comedy Week! Rickey knocks Tom unconscious and takes him to Doreen's apartment where she interrogates him about Miss Keyes's murder and orders him to tell racketeer Peter Vantine to stay away from the S. S. Citadel . Cambacrs comments that this was not by accident. With the marriage between Napoleon and Josephine officially dissolved in January, 1810, Napoleon was free to continue his search for a new bride. John Whiting ( born June 10, 1681; ordained at Concord 1712;) was the son of the Rev. However unappetising the prospect of marrying Bonaparte might be, Marie-Louise knew to perform her duty for the good of the country. Within a fortnight of her death, revolution spread across the Italian peninsula, her children pitched against one another in the struggle for Italian unification. If only predictions of his premature death had come true, she lamented in a letter to a friend. Napoleon Whiting (September 21, 1910, Mississippi October 22, 1984, Los Angeles, California ), [1] was an American character actor. 11 March, 1810, 5.30pm: Marie-Louise married Napoleon by proxy in Vienna, with Archduke Charles standing in for Napoleon. The Peninsular War began in 1808. But how much do you know about the French Emperors second wife? WebThe Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb The tipping point came when Napoleons nephew and Josephines grandson Napoleon Charles Bonaparte died of croup in 1807, which was important because said child had been declared Napoleons heir. [] If misfortune so wishes it, I am prepared to sacrifice my own happiness for the good of the State.. Discover Napoleon Whiting s Biography, Age, Dr. Howard Markel writes a monthly column for the PBS NewsHour, highlighting momentous historical events that continue to shape modern medicine. Sign Up now to stay up to date with all of the latest news from TCM. But Lawrence is actually less of a skirt-chaser in this installment. Separated from Napoleon, she and her son were forced to return to Vienna as refugees. 27 March, 1810: impatient, Napoleon met the party at Compigne and spent the night with his new bride. Perhaps RKO was running out of starlets to play glamorous walk-ons, as beauties like Rita Corday and Jean Brooks returned in more than one Falcon feature, playing different roles. The great-grand-daughter of formidable empress Maria Theresa and daughter of emperor Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire (aka Francis I of Austria), she was related to practically every ruling dynasty in Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte was married twice. One such lover caused a serious breach in their relationship just a short while before their coronation as Emperor and Empress, though that was repaired by the intervention of Josephines daughter Hortense. A Hollywood Reporter production chart places Russell Hopton and Frank Puglia in the cast, but they did not appear in the viewed print. England had been particularly furious that Austria had created an alliance with France by marrying Marie-Louise to Napoleon. Required fields are marked *. Alas, as Napoleon supposedly once said, history is a fable that people have agreed upon. Much beloved, Marie-Louises father stood at the helm of a vast empire. 1 April, 1810: the civil marriage of Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria and Napoleon took place in a second ceremony. Thus, on 19 January, 1810, she wrote to Alexander to inform him that: As a mother, I cannot wish nor desire this union. Her part in public affairs can be found in the two careers with which she was so intimately associated. The revelation of the double life that she had been forced to lead by the allies treatment of her and by prevailing morality scandalised Europe. Even so, Napoleon and his ex-wife seemed to have remained on good terms, as shown by his very unusual insistence that she retain the title of Empress. After a hard campaign, Marie-Louise was finally granted the duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla promised her by the allies to secure her husbands first abdication. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. [2] He played many bit parts, often uncredited, as a menial worker such as the African American butler, a stereotypical Tom informs Doreen that Duke killed Miss Keyes and Loomis, the employees she hired to watch his daughters. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. I remain convinced that whatever difference there is between you, every one of the opinions expressed was governed by a well-informed zeal, in the best interests of the State, and by a loyal dedication to my person., Cambacrs wrote that he believed that the meeting had been set up and decided before hand, and that Eugene had been leaned on by Bassano and Talleyrand at Napoleons request. 6 February, 1810: Napoleon wrote to Champagny, outlining certain concerns with the Russian princess, namely her young age and thus perceived inability to conceive. In 1803, Britain resumed war with France, later joined by Russia and Austria. A practical man, he became a mechanic and spent free weekends stock car racing. In January 1796, Bonaparte proposed to Josephine and they married in March. Decades later, the chemists J. Thomas Hindmarch and John Savory wrote a rebuttal to the claims of arsenic poisoning. Whiting was best known to television audiences for his work as Silas on TheBigValley, a typecast but highly visible role. On top of that, Josephine had already had two children a son named Eugene and a daughter named Hortense. By May 5, 1821, he had been getting sicker for several months, suffering from recurrent abdominal pain, progressive weakness and unabating constipation. After Joan denies that she knows Vantine or Doreen, Annie assures Tom that she is not being held hostage, and the detectives leave. One of the greatest military leaders in history and emperor of France, he conquered much of Europe. DeForrest insists that his concern for Joan brought him there, and after he leaves, Goldy shows Tom a newspaper clipping stating that Duke Monette owns the S. S. Citadel . After Duke knocks the engineer unconscious, causing an explosion in the unattended boiler room, he pulls a gun on Doreen and Tom. The detective hero and playboy Tom Lawrence, aka The Falcon (Tom Conway) must deal with a family hiding dark secrets, while juggling two beautiful women with ulterior motives (Fay Helm and Rita Corday). That same day, the exchange of marriage ratifications/agreements took place in Vienna (news of which arrived in Paris on 6 March). Annie then confides that Loomis is holding her prisoner and takes Tom to search Miss Keyes's room, where he finds a photograph of a ship's officer bearing the inscription "to my dear wife Carla, love Abel." Although he had previously been diagnosed sterile by a doctor, this had been disproved when he fathered an illegitimate child by one of his sister's maids. A majority was thus reached before Murat was consulted, and he showed himself to be against the union with Austria. His fathers family, of ancient Tuscan nobility, had emigrated to Corsica in the 16th century. Suffice to say, I was sufficiently nauseated not to desire dessert. Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? There also may have been arsenic in the water supply, the wallpaper covering Napoleons bed chamber, in the coal smoke heating his chambers, and post-mortem exposure because of the arsenic soil content covering his coffin, when he was still buried on St. Helena before being brought back to Paris. Enjoying HistoryExtra.com? Given how ubiquitous arsenic was during this era, Napoleons familys medical history of gastric carcinomas, and the advanced state of his stomach cancer and bleeding stress ulcers, exacerbated by all his doctors prescriptions, the initial autopsy results still seem most likely. [] All that the State can wish of me is the total abnegation of my maternal rights; in this (unique) case I must make this sacrifice to you and to [the State]: [the decision] on your sisters fate belongs to no-one but you, my dear Alexander. [Letter from Maria Feodorovna to Alexander I, 19 January, 1810, in Marie Martin, Maria Fodorovna en son temps (1759-1828): contribution lhistoire de la Russie et de lEurope, Paris, 2003].

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