Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services, resulting in mounting plastic packaging. 0000439869 00000 n Without a fundamental cultural shift in our societys grievous over-use of plastic, we will see the same mountains of scraps growing in our pristine backyards just like Peng, Kun, and Yi Jie see everyday. ". In this essay, I argue that Plastic China should be considered as a rich social commentary and critique, and interpreted in the light of Chinas tradition of independent documentary-making in the reform era. Chinas decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. Chen had been persecuted and detained in China after his work advising villagers and speaking out official abuses under the one-child rule. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. In other words, though it looks good exteriorly, it has a lot of interior problems (Kanthor 2017). First, this narrow focus fails to do justice to the richness and complexity of Wangs second, cinema version of Plastic China, whichunlike the first version targeting the pressconstitutes a broad social commentary and critique. Its river basin comprises one-fifth of the countrys land area, and supports and houses nearly one-third of the population. Several experts I engaged with in recent months put forward the idea that the film prompted officials in Beijing to take this kind of action, or at least influenced them significantly (see also L 2018). In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident . https%3A%2F%2Fearth.org%2Fchina-plastic-pollution%2F. According to the report, his wife was forced to confess that before her marriage, she had spent 60,000 on plastic surgery in South Korea, and looked completely different to how she was born. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. With almost a spooky resemblance to Wildenstein, the Bogdanoff brothers - like her - are still injecting and filling into their seventies. It was announced in late 2015 that the program was to end in early 2016. In another one, he explained, in reference to the films title that: The [word] plastic here has two meanings: first it refers to the plastic waste, but at a deeper level it refers to the weakness beneath our surface prosperity;the way plastic surgery only improves appearance, not the reality. Mao Yin was snatched aged two, while his father stopped to get him some water on the way home. And so he set off to the rural region where he encountered a lot of resistance from those involved in the remedial waste management industry. Plastic films, plastic bags, the plastic wrapping that comes around a lot of packaged goods, that all goes into the garbage. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. You might also like: Chinas Refusal to Take Back Food Containers Exposes Hong Kongs Broken Plastic Waste Management System. Made in China publications are open access and always available as a free download. In 2017, China collected 215 million tonnes of urban household waste, according to the country's statistical yearbook. We promise, no spam! But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. For some, the pain is still too much to bear. How China's plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning. The film clearly belongs to Chinas new documentary movement, which has created an important space for social commentary and critique since the early 1990s (Berry and Rofel 2010). She babysits, cooks, works and teaches her three younger siblings while her parents do the same back-breaking work day in and day out. The film does not tell its audience how this situation came about, but it is easy to associate it with rural migrants generally limited access to healthcare. Plastic China 's portrait of a migrant worker and his family, and the factory's ambitious owner, is touching and saddening, and puts a human face on the problems caused by China's rush to. In China, rural migrants are generally registered in their place of origin but spend most of their time living far away from their hometowns. The prosperity of Chinas coastal regions relies on a massive inflow of migrant workers from the interior, who rarely have much bargaining power regarding their working conditions. What could the family planning officials have done to her? Children ride a toy train at a shopping mall in Beijing, on Oct. 30, 2015. 0000002606 00000 n Whats more, about 91% of all plastic that has ever been made is not recycled, meaning that plastic which can take up to 500 years to decompose keeps accumulating and degrading our natural environments. Ng Han Guan/AP Environmental News, Data Analysis, Research & Policy Solutions. The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. Plastic China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ) is a 2016 Chinese documentary film depicting the lives of two families who make their living recycling plastic waste imported from developed countries. Yet, something in Plastic China must have bothered Chinese censors, and prompted them to intervene. 0000001315 00000 n The Pengs precarious existence and the fact that they are basically left to fend for themselves is striking for both Chinese and foreign viewers. The problem The bike-sharing craze in China five years ago sucked in billions of dollars of investors' cash and clients' deposits that start-ups spent on millions of new bikes in an effort to grab market share. She carried her son to term while hiding in a relative's house. There are clear signs that this space is shrinking nowadays, yet this does not stop many independent filmmakers from pursuing their mission (Berry 2017). Image by: Our World in Data. An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. Moreover, Plastic China contains virtually no direct criticism of any government, state-owned enterprise, or other powerful entitya key difference with Under the Dome (qiong ding zhi xia 2015), another documentary on Chinas environmental predicament that also went viral and disappeared from the Internet in a matter of days. The film also resonated with the study of Chinas so-called informal recycling world that I conducted in the mid-2010s (Schulz 2018). This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Giving birth to him was a huge risk and she took no chances. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. But Chinas contribution to the global plastic crisis does not end there. Chinese parents, who have children born outside the country's one-child policy, protest outside the family planning commission in an attempt to have their fines canceled in Beijing, on Jan. 5, 2016. The low grade plastics normally sent to China consisted of plastic bags, food labels, coffee cups and more- all products that are normally used once before being tossed away. Midway through its annual session, China's ceremonial parliament is focusing on boosting the economy, building self-reliance in technology and further squeezing room for political opposition in Hong Kong. of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. Han Dynasty Emperor Xian of Han, the last emperor of Han dynasty died as a duke. A familiar margarine packet among the mountains of rubbish in a backyard recycling facility on China. An old friend of hers, the blind lawyer Chen Guangcheng, knows full well what she and tens of thousands of other women in Linyi city went through. Thus, in a way, Wang departs from the perspective of environmental dumping. 0000003791 00000 n "There is only one China and there is only one one-child policy, so it is kind of impossible to say the real effect of that was [of the policy]," he says. 0000024672 00000 n 0000021210 00000 n In June 2020, directed remotely by their parents in Italy and a cousin in Canada, the four siblings - then aged between 11 and 16 - traveled from their remote village in Xinjiang all the way to. "Officials would kidnap you if you tried to have two children. He has vowed to break with the past, and usher in a new normal (xin changtai)later morphing into a new era (xin shidai)in which the countrys true wealth would reside in clear waters and green mountains (lshui qingshan), and its prosperity would rely on moderate and sustainable growth. 0000019453 00000 n I saw the manager pointing to some of the garbage that was being sent out and saying, Those are going to China, and I said, what? This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. Twenty-something Kun is a hard worker with a dream of buying a new car to boost his social status. In 2014, Wang released an early, less narrative but more explanatory version of his documentary addressed at the media, in which he clearly frames the issue as environmental dumping. Meanwhile, mass urbanization and rural migration have changed the financial and social calculus, making . Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. Families of people who died after contracting coronavirus in China's former epicentre Wuhan say they are constantly monitored and warned by authorities, who tell them speaking out will damage . Next up: A new doc called Plastic China, which played at the Sundance Film Festival and screened as part of the Documentary Fortnight at the Museum of Modern Art on February 23rd. Fred Dufour/AFP via Getty Images Her job at a nearby canning factory refuses to hire her full time, she says, because she is a mother of three and needs to leave every afternoon to pick up her son from school. The young girl would love to visit the United States, but shed settle for going to school something her father, Peng, an alcoholic who works for the plant manager, has no interest in making happen. The mother of one of these middle schoolers holds her son close. This alters the one-child policy that was introduced in 1978 to control the . It's margarine tubs, clamshells, deli containers. Two of the more tragic examples - who were born identical twins and appear to be twinning themselves with duelling plastic surgeries - are French TV stars Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff. The limit in most cases was just one child. In this rugged hardpan of north China known for poverty and coal, Zhang Yi had but two frail daughters to help scratch out a living. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics, one study discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. "If you carry it with you all the time, it gets too tiring.". Work done by environmentalists Chen Liwen and Mao Da from China Zero Waste Alliance (ling feiqi lianmeng) suggests that waste management is either lacking or highly inefficient in the Chinese countryside as a whole, and that much remains to be done in this field (Chitwood 2018). For decades, China's family planning policy limited most urban couples to one child and rural couples to two if their first was a girl. Initially Feng. "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. Wang turned his focus to imported plastic, and after some digging, learned that it was being brought to a little town in the province of Shandong, along the coast. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. :v9s];"vE\ j{G=vs=_qq/w?/uynBRBViW)42xP.itM"2HX SJXr/^$,^J_gHIum1$OL@*R*06T4W*[>ypNA-y6J]yPW6VV Director Jiu-Liang Wang refers to PLASTIC CHINA as a title which riffs on the idea of plastic surgerya way of masking the underlying physical truth of any given situation. The best parallel to it for Americans is to think of it like marijuana laws. Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the, rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services. trailer <<4243014C4E284DEB98C83941C307E81B>]/Prev 529831>> startxref 0 %%EOF 74 0 obj <>stream The weeklong meeting of the National People's Congress, which rubber stamps policies approved by the Communist Party leadership, provides a window into government priorities. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. Another factor that justifies adopting a broad interpretation of Plastic China is the wide range of social issues addressed by Wang. China used to take much of it, but has banned imports of plastic waste so where does it now go? It is against this backdrop that Plastic China came out in 2016. The country once imported nearly half of the planet's plastic recyclables. He frightens viewers with images of the relentless plastic flowing through the small factory, preying on our ability to empathize with these poverty-stricken laborers. The U.S. used to send a lot of its plastic waste to China to get recycled. 0000003466 00000 n A deliberate shift in consumption will not happen overnight. The picture of Chinas gender regime that emerges from Plastic China is one of entrenched patriarchy, at least in the countryside, where boys are still valued more than girls (zhongnan qingn). In the film, Peng Wenyuanwho comes from Sichuan province, belongs to the Yi ethnic group, and is almost illiteratecomplains repeatedly about his salary. It now collects its community's plastic trash and turns it into fuel. Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. This contrasts with the situation of Wang Qiqi, Kuns son, who is sent to the kindergarten so that he can pick up literacy skills early on in the hope that he will get access to a high-earning job later in life, ideally in an office in Beijingit should be noted, however, that Qiqi is not only a boy, but also an only child. 0000001781 00000 n That was a period where China's growth started booming. 0000035786 00000 n Mao's attempts to remove the family from the center of Chinese life ultimately failed, but not before destroying a few aspects of traditional culture. This prompted the Chinese government to introduce a raft of new laws and regulations to limit plastic waste in 2020, and announced a plan for 2021 to 2025 which aims to further improve the management of the entire chain of plastic pollution. "This was not your average level of policy enforcement. This also explains why Wang Kuns plastic recycling workshop, like many others, relies on manual labour and a couple of unsophisticated and antiquated machines. In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. Answer (1 of 4): 0Many of them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them were unfortunately slaughtered. However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. Get focused newsletters especially designed to be concise and easy to digest. A further issue highlighted in the film is that of conspicuous consumption. If Plastic Chinas message really boiled down to nothing more than a plea against waste imports and the pollution they cause, then the film would not be an obvious target for the Chinese censors. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. We all must initiate a seismic cultural shift that sees a serious slowing down of our relentless consumerism. Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. This is obvious in, among others, his choice of topic (Chinas economic growth and opening to the world as experienced by the countrys underclass), his relationships with subjects (long-term involvement, much like that of an anthropologist), and his cinematographic style (observational realism involving on-the-spot and spontaneous shooting, a director who stands behind the camera, and the absence of voiceover). Some scenes in the film take place in a dumpsite, where waste is burned in the open, or next to a river, where it accumulates. China has imported 45 percent of the world's plastic refuse since 1992, allowing many other countries, including the United States, to dodge the question of how to process the unwanted material, a . Andy Wong/AP "Our main products are paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, mixed plastics . Global mismanaged waste in total. The LEGO Foundation is awarding a total of DKK 900 million (approximately US$ 117 Million) to support organisations that make substantial contributions to the lives of children from birth to six years old and spark a global movement to prioritise early childhood development. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. Officials in her village were actively policing families under the one-child policy. "These effects will be felt in the generation ahead. What happened to the little girl in plastic China? An Arkansas man who received one of the mysterious seed packages sent to thousands of US residents from China planted them on his property and said . To compensate for this narrow focus, we need to look beyond the predominant reading. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. 0000003242 00000 n This change will not be easy, but it must be done. The film also alerted people in China to the dangers of haphazard waste management, and drew attention to the sheer mass of waste generated by a city the size of Beijing. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. Products. Welcome to Wang Jiuliangs Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. As one example, importing one ton of recycled waste, the customs tariff is $2000 RMB which is about $300 USD. On January 1, 2019, a ban on plastic straws in restaurants and other service businesses began in Washington, D.C. Read on for the reasons . Plastic pollution has long plagued China, along with severe air pollution. By donating us $100, $50 or subscribe to Boosting $10/month we can get this article and others in front of tens of thousands of specially targeted readers. His mother watches him approvingly. We desperately need large-scale investment into domestic recycling plants paired with less garbage being tossed aside every day by us, the ones who buy and discard, day in and day out. One first reason why Plastic China should be considered as a comprehensive reflection on the contemporary condition in China is that this is consistent with the directors intention. This targeted Boosting helps us to reach wider audiences aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. Directors Jiu-liang Wang Genres Documentary Subtitles English [CC] The terror of such enforcement of birth limits was widespread in Linyi, even if residents were not themselves planning on giving birth. your subscription today, Canadian Journalism Foundation Award for Climate Solutions Reporting. 0000010492 00000 n On Jan. 1, China enacted new legislation allowing all married couples to have two children. It was followed very selectively. In one interview about the film, Wang stated that: China is a country that is facelifted, concealed, faked and unnatural. The . %PDF-1.4 % WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like . 04:22. Second, this prevents us from understanding why the film was censored in China, when the denunciation of waste imports actually fits with the Chinese states increasingly restrictive policies on this issue since the 2010s. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. One night, family planning officials approached her husband, intending to pressure him and his wife into ending the pregnancy. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. According to the census conducted last year, the population is aging and there are fewer young children and working-age people, a major demographic shift that comes with its own economic strains. In March 2018, China's environment minister at the time, Li Ganjie, noted that China used to import around 4 to 4.5 million tons of solid, unrecyclable trash. Ng Han Guan/AP In the cinema version of Plastic China, the concept of labour exploitation applies more clearly within China and even among former peasants than it does between China and the highly industrialised countries from which waste is imported. If anything, there is considerable overlap between Wangs film and the foreign waste rhetoric that accompanies state authorities action in the field of transboundary movements of waste since the early 2010s, and predates the ban announced in July 2017. The question remains, however, whether this was worth the enormous sacrifice in financial security, and viewers are left wondering what will happen to the family if Wang Kun is diagnosed with a serious illness. Among the films many harrowing scenes is that of Pengs wife giving birth to her fourth child in the Wangs garden, with what looks like a total absence of medical assistance. The family obviously lives on very little, and Wang Kun, the breadwinner, has a possibly serious affliction that affects his capacity to work, and remains undiagnosed and untreated, partly because he fears that seeking medical attention could result in high expenses. Enforcement of the policy had begun to loosen by the early 2000s, as horrific stories of forced abortions and botched sterilizations caused policymakers to rethink the rule. Single's Day, China's biggest online shopping holiday akin to Black Friday in the U.S. is a recognition of the many bachelors who are unable to find partners in a gender-skewed society. A Chinese family has been forced to give up their pet dog after realizing they had actually adopted a black bear. Years of rapid growth have made China appear prosperous, but pollution is having a huge impact on health while Chinas growth appears incredible, it is actually cheap and fragile. She wanted to avoid the "family planning officials" in her home village, just outside Linyi, a city of 11 million in China's northern Shandong province, where the policy's enforcement was especially violent. The insane volume of sorted scraps are pushed through a machine that turns the plastic into a gross, grey sludge before it is transformed into small grey pellets. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. hide caption. However, it is also strongly implied that Yijies gender played a role in her parents decision to neglect her education. The global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. New York CNN Business . State media celebrated the news. Not only does the country consume at least one fifth of the worlds plastics, it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. Anxious that rapid population growth would strain the country's welfare systems and state-planned economy, the Chinese state began limiting how many children families could have in the late 1970s. siQ6_{#WP(*K9-4GF(NTZ,GI2RV#PF"@(!9BI-$(E^D]ut(nK Jgu")( D)" Addressed by Wang son is part of the population easy to digest were born and began crying in! To the global plastic crisis does not end there means that people eating fish have also consuming. 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